Africa

Africa




 * **How can political change cause conflict**
 * Political change can cause conflict because people might not like the change, while others favor the change, causing conflict between the two. Different ideas clash. people will fight for power, which will lead to conflict.**
 * **How does the development of nationalism impact people, nations, and empires?**
 * the development of nationalism impacts people, nations and empires because nationalism would bring the people, the nation and the empire together as one for the country they believe is the best. They make other places seem inferior., causes a great deal of conflicts.**
 * **How can political relationships affect economic relationships?**
 * If two nations have a political relationship that is good then the economic relationship will be good. But if the political relationship is bad then there will be a bad economic relationship.**
 * **What characteristics and factors unite people as a nation?**
 * The love for their country unites people. tragedies, culture, language, ideas of freedom, and other things unite people together.**

__**Notes on Africa in Video**__
 * **Europeans found that the Chinese would buy opium.**
 * **the British took much trade ports in China, and got a lot of money, while china got nothing.**
 * **The Europeans split up Africa among many nations.**
 * **the Europeans colonized most of Africa.**
 * **European industrialization**
 * **Diseases in Africa killed many of the Europeans.**
 * **the diseases also killed then horses**
 * **the Europeans had technology that would help to take over Africa.**
 * **European imperialism involved many deaths and battles.**
 * **most of Africa and Asia was taken over by the British**
 * **the Europeans could rule over things because of their military power.**
 * **Ethiopia defeated the Italians and established their own nation**
 * **the Europeans had to wait to take over Africa, until they had technological advances.**
 * **The Europeans went to Africa because they had a lot of natural resources.**
 * **Imperialism brought wealth and power to the** **Europeans**
 * **The slave trade reduced the populations of African** **countries**
 * **Europeans want more natural resources.**
 * **In the** **Congo, many of the people were treated badly.**
 * **only Liberia and Ethiopia won against the Europeans**
 * **Europeans thought that colonization was something good.**

** Like a cyclone, imperialism spins across the globe; militarism crushes peoples, and sucks the blood like a vampire. **
 * [| Questions on Map: Imperialism and Global Economy]**
 * By Karl Liebknecht **
 * I think that this quote means that imperialism ****happens all around the world, while the military kills and takes everything from countries because they are greedy. (Taken in class)**


 * [|The Scramble For Africa Mark up and Picture Detective]**


 * [|Graphic Organizer: The new Imperialism]**



[|The White Man's Burden]

1. According to Kipling, and in your own words, what was the “White Man’s Burden”? The white man's burden was that the white men must go out and send their sons to go and help those that they feel need their help, like the uneducated.. Their duty was to educate and help those who need help 2. What reward did Kipling suggest the “White Man” gets for carrying his “burden”? They get hatred from the people that they are trying to civilize, though they think its their duty to do so. They gained points in the eyes of god. 3. Who did Kipling think would read his poem? What do you think that this audience might have said in response to it? I think that the white men would be the ones that are reading this poem. I think that the audience would agree with everything that he says because they believe that they really do have a burden for helping other nations to be civilized. People who were interested in imperialism. The audience would support it. 4. What lines of the poem did you find the most interesting and why? I think that the last line where it says "Through all the thankless years" This is because they had done all the things they had thought were good without anyone thanking them for doing it.

[|The Berlin Conference]

__**Notes on the Berlin Conference Video:**__
 * 16 diplomats from the different nations sat together at the table.
 * They were discussing how they would divide up the continent of Africa.
 * It took 6 months to discuss what they would do to divide up Africa
 * They drew lines in Africa which are still how Africa is split up today.
 * That is how the scramble for Africa began.

[|The Man's Burden]

This poem is supporting the people, instead of the Europeans who support imperialism. There is a disadvantage from the black men, how they only fight with clubs and arrows, while the white men have the big guns.
 * What is the message of this poem: The message of this poem is that the white men have been killing and mistreating the black men, both outside the US and in the US.


 * ** Describe the significance of the Berlin Conference in 5 words **:
 * Divisions
 * Trade
 * Agreements
 * Power
 * Raw materials
 * Inconsiderate
 * Social Darwinism
 * Prestige
 * Respect


 * Document 1 ** :

// " Throughout history it has been the inaction of those who could have acted, the indifference //// of those who should have known better, the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered //// that has made it possible for evil to triumph." //** Haille Selassie, Ethiopian emperor, 1892-1975 ** Questions to consider ** : **


 * What is the perspective of the author? What events might have caused the author to think as he does?
 * The perspective of the author is on the supporting side of the people who have been getting killed and mistreated. The events that happened was the Scramble for Africa, where the European nations were dividing and conquering Africa.
 * Why might the author be making this statement?
 * He might be making this statement because Ethiopia was one of the only countries that did not fall to the European powers, and he wants to stop imperialism, because no one stood against it.
 * How does the quote relate to Imperialism in Africa? Explain.
 * This quote relates to the imperialism in Africa because the evil did triumph, who were the Europeans in taking most of the continent of Africa. And they should have known better then to take over the places in Africa and killing and mistreating so many people.


 * Document 2 **

**"On French Colonial Expansion" A Speech before the French Chamber of Deputies, March 28, 1884, by Jules Ferry (1832-1893): Ferry was twice prime minister of France, from (1880-1881, 1883-1885)** // Gentlemen, we must speak more loudly and more honestly! We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races... // // I repeat, that the superior race races have a right because they have a duty. They have the duty to civilize inferior races...In the history of earlier centuries these duties gentlemen have been misunderstood; and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race....But in our time, I maintain that European nations acquit themselves with generosity, with grandeur, and with sincerity of this superior civilizing duty. //

// I say that French colonial policy, the policy of colonial expansion, the policy that has taken us under the Empire, that has led us to Tunisia, to Madagascar- I say this policy of colonial expansion was inspired by...the fact that a navy such as ours cannot do without safe harbors, defenses, supply centers on the high seas...Are you unaware of this? Look at the map of the world. //


 * Who is the author of this piece of evidence? What is his viewpoint?
 * the author of this piece is Jules Ferry, who was the prime minister of France. His viewpoint is with the idea of Social Darwinism.
 * What justifications does he offer to support his viewpoint?
 * His justification is that it is the duty of the superior race to educate the inferior race. and they must fulfill their duty as men by doing this.
 * Why might he be giving this speech? What is the purpose of this speech?
 * He might be giving this speech because he wanted to promote imperialism and colonial expansion for the French. The purpose of this speech was most likely to show how the French can benefit from imperialism and what it will do for them.
 * What does the speech tell you about life and attitudes of that time?
 * It shows you how the European nations thought they were superior and held control over the rest of the world. They thought they were the most superior and that it was their duty to civilize the inferior nations, such as the ones in Africa


 * Document 3 ** :

"The Rhodes of Colossus: Striding from Cape Town to Cairo" Published in Punch, or the London Charivari, December 10, 1982.Artists: Linley Sambourne

>>
 * Where and when was this political cartoon published? What impact might this have on its perspective and bias?
 * This political cartoon was published in London on December 10, 1982. The impact of this was to probably show people that imperialism was a good thing for the people.Which is biased toward their country.
 * What meaning does the title give to the Illustration? Why might the author have chosen the words he did/ (colossus, striding, Cape Town and Cairo)
 * The title basically shows that the European nations have completely taken over Africa. Cairo is in the north and the cape is in the south, so since they are striding from one to the other, it shows that have control of everything.
 * Who is being depicted in this political cartoon? (research cartoon) What objects do you see?
 * a European male is being depicted, so covers up all of africa, which shows how the Europeans have taken over Africa.
 * What is the artists viewpoint? What evidence from the political cartoon supports your claim?
 * The artist's viewpoint is that imperialism is a good thing and it is good that Europe had control over Africa. You can tell his because the man has his arms stretched out and looks as though he has just conquered something and is proud of it.


 * Document 4 ** :

"//**Moshweshewe: Letter ton Sir George Grey, 1858" written by Mark X of Moshweshewe, Chief of the Basutos**//.


 * Mark up the document attached below before you answer the questions
 * [|Details]
 * [[file:mastromaurowh/letter from Moshweshewe.docx|Download]]
 * 16 KB


 * Who is the author? Why is he writing the letter? What is the purpose?
 * The letter included the names of several individuals and groups. Who are these individuals and groups? How do they impact the meaning of the letter? (you will have to research names and groups as example Boers, Harry Smith....)
 * Do you think the letter was successful in fulfilling its purpose? Why or why not? Use evidence (quotes) from the letter to support your claim.


 * Document 5 ** :

**Source: Ndansi Kumalo, African veteran of the Ndebele Rebellion against British advances in southern Africa, 1896.**

So we surrendered to the White people and were told to go back to our homes and live our usual lives and attend to our crops. We were treated like slaves. They came and were overbearing. We were ordered to carry their clothes and bundles. They harmed our wives and our daughters. How the rebellion started I do not know; there was no organization, it was like a fire that suddenly flames up. I had an old gun. They—the White men—fought us with big guns, machine guns, and rifles. Many of our people were killed in this fight: I saw four of my cousins shot. We made many charges but each time we were defeated.But for the White men’s machine guns, it would have been different.


 * How were the the people of southern Africa treated by the imperialists?
 * They were basically treated as slaves to the White men of imperialism, They were ordered to carry clothes and bundles, they harmed their wives and daughters.
 * Why was the African rebellion unsuccessful?
 * The African rebellion was unsuccessful because the African only had some old guns that they had to fight with. And the Imperialists had their big guns, machine guns and rifles. So the fight was pretty unfair from the start.


 * Document 6 ** :

**Source: Mojimba, African chief, describing a battle in 1877 on the Congo River against British and African mercenaries, as told to a German Catholic missionary in 1907.**

And still those bangs went on; the long sticks spat fire, pieces of iron whistled around us,fell into the water with a hissing sound, and our brothers continued to fall. We ran into our village and they ran after us. We fled into the forest and flung ourselves on the ground. When we returned that evening our eyes beheld fearful things: our brothers, dead, bleeding, our village plundered and burned, and the river full of dead bodies.You call us wicked men, but you White men are much more wicked! You think because you have guns you can take away our land and our possessions. You have sickness in your heads, for this is not justice


 * Who is the author of this source? What does it refer to?
 * The author is Mojimba, an African Chief. This refers to the battle that had happened on the Congo river, that was against the British and the African mercenaries.
 * Describe the strength of the sides in this battle using evidence from the text.
 * The strength of the African side is extremely weak because the Europeans were just killing all of them and destroying villages. The Europeans had a much stronger power with led them to killing many people and taking the land.
 * What is the chief's opinion of the British?
 * The Chiefs opinion is that the British are wicked, which is saying that the British are just pure evil. They have no justification for killing all those people.


 * Document 7 ** :

**Source: German military officer, account of the 1905 Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa, German military weekly newspaper, 1906**.

The chiefs spread it among their people that a spirit, living in the form of a snake, had given a magic medicine to a medicine man. The medicine guaranteed a good harvest, so that in future people would no more need to perform wage labor for foreigners in order to obtain accustomed luxuries. The medicine would also give invulnerability, acting in such a way that enemy bullets would fall from their targets like raindrops from a greased body. It would strengthen women and children for the flight customary in wartime, with the associated hardships and privations, and protect them from being seized by the victorious attackers, who were accustomed to taking women and children with them as war prizes. The medicine consisted of water, maize, and sorghum grains. The water was applied by pouring it over the head and by drinking.


 * What is the message the German military officer was trying to send about the East Africans? Give evidence from the document to support your claim
 * I think that the German military officer was trying to get the Africans to try to listen to what they had to say, trying to trick them into doing something. Or the Germans were making fun of them for doing these kinds of things.
 * Why do you think the Africans made such claims?
 * I think that the Africans mad these kinds of claims because it would help to spark something in the Africans which would make them be brave and stand up to fight against the Europeans.

**Document 8**:

Smithsonian Institution sponsored African expedition for Theodore Roosevelt, 1909-1910. Photo was used as an illustration in Theodore Roosevelt's book, "African Game Trails" published in 1910.




 * Describe the person and objects in this photo.
 * The person in the photo is Theodore Roosevelt, who was one of the Presidents of the united states. And the object in the photo is a dead elephant that Theodore Roosevelt had killed.
 * What is the purpose of the photograph?
 * The purpose of this photograph is to show that the US was also going to get involved with Africa and the things that are in it. Maybe to get information on things that are in Africa.
 * What economic or social implications does this photo indicate about Africa in 1909?

**Document 9**:




 * What European industries benefited from African resources?
 * Fabric, soap, food processing, rubber industries, cosmetic industry, metal industry, jewelry industry.
 * Which European country do you feel had the most valuable colonies? Why?
 * I think that the British had the most valuable colonies because they were the ones with the most land taken over in Africa, so they probably have most of the valuable colonies.
 * How could this document be used to explain the primary reason for European imperialism in Africa?
 * This document can be used to explain the primary reason for the European imperialism in Africa because the Europeans needed the natural resources from africa in order to increase their industrial revolution and economy in Europe.


 * Document 10 ** :

"Colonialism’s greatest misdeed was to have tried to strip us of our responsibility in conducting our own affairs and convince us that our civilization was nothing less than savagery, thus giving us complexes which led to our being branded as irresponsible and lacking in self-confidence. . . The colonial powers had assimilated each of their colonies into their own economy.  Our continent possesses tremendous reserves of raw material and they, together with its potential sources of power, give it excellent conditions for industrialization. . ." Sekou Toure, West African nationalist, 1962


 * In 1962, what was the response of this West African nationalist to years of colonialism?
 * the response to the years of colonialism was